Using the Case Study of Mr. X, Identify and Explain the...

Using the Case Study of Mr. X, Identify and Explain the Client’s Issues and Devise a Course of Treatment for him, Taking into Account any Ethical Issues In this essay I shall be explaining the issues Mr X has expressed, as I have understood them, as expounding the presented issue with the client in such a manner is also crucial to gaining clarity and building rapport. I shall then cover any ethical considerations that need to be accounted for and then seek to devise a relevant course of treatment for him. Mr X has stated that he has been employed as an estate agent in the same company for 18 years. He has not progressed in his work although he is fully capable as has been demonstrated by his success at covering for the manager†¦show more content†¦In the first session I would discuss with him what exactly hypnotherapy is, what it can achieve and how we shall be using it in order that he and I may both be clear on what the objective of the sessions are and what can and cannot be accomplished, so that we both may make informed decisions on whether or not we wish to continue. I would ask if he would consider having the self-esteem script that I use with him recorded in order that he may use it at home in between sessions, as listening to the script on a daily basis will facilitate a better result due to the message being repeatedly fed to the subconscious mind. This is essential when realising that the Conscious Critical Faculty (CCF) is constantly monitoring our experiences of the world and aligning those experiences with our deeply embedded beliefs. In order to counter the negative adjustments made by the CCF, it is necessary to by pass it through hypnotic suggestions regularly, until the CCF has been altered. At the fourth session I would do a review with him to analyse how he is feeling; how he feels therapy has benefited him and whether or not he feels he may need further sessions. It is my opinion that composing a self-esteem script for him and coupling this with affirmations and some practical NLP steps to boost his motivation, will resolve many of his issues because, ‘Self-esteem is one ofShow MoreRelatedUsing the Case Study Provided at the End of the Module Identify and Explain the Client’s Issues and Devise a Course of Treatment for Him, Taking Into Account Any Ethical Issues2048 Words   |  9 PagesMODULE 4 Using the case study provided at the end of the module identify and explain the client’s issues and devise a course of treatment for him, taking into account any ethical issues. Mr X is a 45 year old estate agent who has been with the same company for eighteen years and has a number of issues. He has reservations about applying for the manager’s job despite a deep rooted knowledge that he can do the job, heRead MoreCase Study of Mr X4288 Words   |  18 PagesESSAY TITLE â€Å"Using the case study provided at the end of the module identify and explain the client’s issues and devise a course of treatment for him taking into account any ethical issues† Introduction - Mr X case study Mr X is 45 and has worked for the same company for 18 years. He is not married but has a â€Å"sort of girlfriend†. His mother is in a home and he visits her regularly, due to this he is unable to socialize with his colleagues. He would like to apply for a manager’sRead MoreMba Solved Assignment Papers52670 Words   |  211 Pages  It  seeks  tofind  explanations  tounexplained phenomenon to clarify the doubtful facts and to correctthemisconceivedfacts.Research  is  the  organized  and  systematic  inquiry  or  investigation  which  provides  information for solving a problem or finding answers to a complex issue. Research in business: Often,  organization  members  want  to  know  everything  about  their  products,  services, programs, etc. Your research plans depend on what information you need to collect in order to make major decisions about a product, serviceRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 PagesCHAPTER 1 ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1.1 The value of information is the difference between the benefits realized from using that information and the costs of producing it. Would you, or any organization, ever produce information if its expected costs exceeded its benefits? If so, provide some examples. If not, why not? Most organizations produce information only if its value exceeds its cost. However, there are two situationsRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pageslogo, and Brooks/Cole are trademarks used herein under license. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of the publisher. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA For more information about ourRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 DataRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesright of Richard M.S. Wilson and Colin Gilligan to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the CopyrightRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 PagesB) Knowledge management C) Operations management D) Strategic management E) Distribution management Answer: A Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Easy 3) Identify the correct statement about marketing management. A) It is primarily concerned with the systematic gathering, recording, and analysis of data about issues related to marketing products and services. B) It focuses mostly on monitoring the profitability of a companys products and services. C) It focuses solely on attaining

The Health Risk Appraisal Tool - 1123 Words

Link Completion of the Tool The health risk appraisal tool that I choose to complete and critique is titled My Life Check (American Heart Association, n.d.). Below is the link to access the tool. http://mylifecheck.heart.org/AssessmentTools2/main_en_US.html. This health risk appraisal tool provides great explanations and is easy to comprehend and can be completed rather quickly. I completed the assessment tool in five minutes. The appraisal tool asks simple questions that pertain to daily lifestyles. I believe this appraisal tool is appropriate for the intended reader, by including layman terminology. Additional information is provided if the individual completing the form needs additional explanation to better understand the†¦show more content†¦Step four: The individual has the option to either print or save the results Step five: Determining the level of improvement in the individual’s heart score. The individual is encouraged to return at a later date and complete the health risk assessment tool again (American Heart Association, n.d.). Attached below is my personal result of the health risk assessment tool. My overall heart score was 7.9 out of ten indicating, I do have room for improvement. After reviewing my scores in different sections of the health risk assessment tool, I realize that I need to increase my level of physical activity. Currently, I am getting 60 minutes a week of physical activity. The American Heart Association recommends I incorporate 150 minutes of physical activity into my week. Also, I discovered that I need to improve my diet by increasing my fruit and vegetable intake. The HRA tool suggested that I consume five cups of fruits and vegetables a day in addition to 3.5 ounces or more of grains a day (American Heart Association, n.d.). I am pregnant at this time so I recognize the need to improve my diet. Also, my blood pressure findings are slightly elevated. This tool also suggested interventions to assist me with decreasing my blood pressure findings. I appreciate the recommendations the American Heart Association suggested for me. Appropriate HRA Tool I feel this human risk appraisal tool is an appropriate tool for American citizens and serves as a great

Analysis Of The Poem My Mother Breed By Anita Desai

Mother Nature nurtures the feminine soul in the abyssal waters that she liberates from the depravities of human civilization. The sedative spirit of the ocean and her progenies nourish the human psyche with the inspiration to pursue individuality and independence. Patriarchal contaminations of societies submerge the unifying realm of female emancipation; masculine sovereignty suffocates the woman’s voice in the silence of the sacred seas. Secular literature documents the exclusion of the female gender in a cultural mosaic that recognizes the alliance between water and women. Post-colonial fiction, including Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, Anita Desai’s Clear Light of Day, and Jamaica Kincaid’s The Autobiography of My Mother breed a†¦show more content†¦The authors display the oppressions of women in post-colonial civilizations by incorporating drowning scenes in their novels. The post-colonial novelists utilize the drowning motif to r eveal the influences of patriarchal ideology on women’s cognition. Representations of female subjugation through submersion originate from classical literature, such as William Shakespeare’s sixteenth-century play â€Å"Hamlet.† The theatrical production portrays Hamlet, the dominant masculine role, arousing hysteria in Ophelia, the subordinate feminine role. Hamlet’s emotional maltreatment of Ophelia leads to her only independent action in the play; she drowns herself in a brook (Coffelt 5). Literature that depicts women committing suicide by drowning symbolically presents submersion of the female body as a self-serving decision that grants the character liberation from her societal oppressions. An alternative portrayal of the drowning motif is the depiction of sirens who drown men as an act of revenge. The Greek poet, Homer utilizes the drowning motif in his eighth-century epic â€Å"The Odyssey†. In the epic, sirens mesmerize sailors with their voices and proceed to drown them. The drowning of male sailors represents an assertion of feminine power; the subaltern enacts an independent choice to acquire the position of the tyrant. Themes of vengeance in literature that associates women and drowning convey scenes

Writing Skills Part free essay sample

What three things should you copy from the card so that you know how to find the book? A. The call number, the title, and the topic B. The call number, the topic, and the date of publication of a book C. The call number, the authors name, and the date of publication D. The call number, the title, and the authors name 2. The position from which you write about your subject is called your A. point of view. B. plan. C. outline of ideas. D. advantage. 3. Parallel construction means that you A. repeat the first paragraph of your essay as the last paragraph. B. use the same grammatical construction in all similar headings throughout an outline. C. give both sides of the argument in your essay. D. begin each paragraph of your essay in the same way. 4. The Dewey decimal system is the classification system used by A. We will write a custom essay sample on Writing Skills Part or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page most public libraries in the United States. B. the Internet. C. most research and university libraries. D. scientific articles in magazines. 5. Where would you look to find an article on recent fashion trends? A. Card catalog B. Encyclopedia C. Whos Who D. Readers Guide 6. A disadvantage of using a sentence outline instead of a topic outline is that a sentence outline is often A. factually grounded. B. rigid. C. time-consuming. D. underdeveloped. 7. You are least likely to feel that an Internet source is reliable if the information is posted A. on the U. S. Department of Labor Web site. B. from a university department. C. on the Web site of your local police department. D. without a specific source. 8. The most important difference between an outline and finished writing is the A. source of ideas. B. details. C. grammatical structure. D. order of events. . To make sure your reader remembers the point of your essay, which of the following is most important? A. The introduction B. The order in which you present your ideas C. Choosing an interesting subject D. The ending 10. When assembling a writing plan for an essay, which of the following should come first? A. A brief summary of your conclusion B. The first section of the body of your essay. C. Materia l that catches the readers interest D. The general idea of your essay 11. To write an effective ending to your essay, you should A. ask the reader to take some kind of action. B. nd on a note thats likely to stick in the readers mind. C. relate a humorous anecdote. D. write out a formal summary of your overall message. 12. Where should you look to find quick information on the causes of the American Civil War? A. Encyclopedia B. Readers Guide C. Dictionary D. Concise Dictionary of American Biography 13. Which of the following skills is most important in learning how to write? A. Knowing proper punctuation before you write B. Knowing how to plan before you write C. Knowing how to use the Readers Guide before you write D. Knowing proper grammar before you write 14. Once you acquire these two basic skills, youll be able to transform a vague idea in your mind into a coherent piece of writing. A. Describing people and writing conversation B. Using the Internet and the on-line catalog C. Doing research and organizing your ideas D. Doing interviews and browsing through books 15. Reference librarians are specially trained to help you A. get a library card. B. research a topic. C. create an outline. D. sign out videotapes. 16. What do we call an idea that will make the reader take notice and want to read on? A. Card B. Point of view C. Summary D. Hook 17. If youve located three books on a topic youre researching for an essay, the first thing you should do on appraising any of these books is A. inspect the book jacket for notes about the author. B. examine the index. C. scan the book from front to back. D. study the table of contents. 18. Youve settled on an idea for an essay to write. What should you do next? A. Ask the reference librarian to help you make a plan and prepare your outline. B. Plunge right in and start writing. Then create your outline from what youve written. C. Conduct interviews, do some research, ask questions, and make a plan. D. Look up your topic in the Readers Guide and use an article you find as a basis for your plan and outline. 19. What is one problem you should keep in mind when researching information on the Internet? A. Information found on the Internet may be unreliable. B. Library staff usually keep Internet computers locked. C. Information is seldom available on the Internet. D. You should avoid using search engines when youre searching for information on the Internet. End of exam 20. The on-line catalog is a computerized index of A. library patrons. B. reference librarians. C. books in a library. D. library telephone numbers.

Development of E-Leave Application Essay Example

Development of E-Leave Application Essay In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for undergraduate degree from Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, I agree that the University Library may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that, permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholar purposes may be granted by supervisor, in his absence, by the Dean of the Fuculty of Information and Communication Technology. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain should not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due to recognition shall be given to me and to Limkokwing University of Creative Technology for any scholarly use which may be made of any material from my thesis. Request for permission to copy or to make use of material in this thesis, in whole or in part should be addressed to: Dean of the Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Limkowking University of Creative Technology Jalan Technokrat 1/1 3000 Cyberjaya Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Abstract E-Leave is an online leave management system that allows users to apply for leave conveniently anytime and anywhere as long as there is an internet connection. E-Leave is designed to make application and approval as easy and simple as possible, with auto-routing for approval and online leave management capabilities. ? Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude and honors to the Almighty God who gave me all I needed before and during this project completion, more especially the life and wisdom he gave me to complete this project. We will write a custom essay sample on Development of E-Leave Application specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Development of E-Leave Application specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Development of E-Leave Application specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer My sincere gratitude goes to my supervisor Madam Noris for her encouragement, ideas and support throughout the project. She was a good inspiration and a motivator to me when I was feeling down and depressed. I will like to thank my project coordinator Mr Tee Wee Jing for organizing this project for us students and making it to be a success Special thanks goes to Madam Nursyarizan Mr Rabi, Miss Azliza, and Miss Siti Fazilah who their help and guidance have made this project a success My special thanks go to my parents and my brothers for their continued support during my time in LimKokWing. Finally, I will like to acknowledge all my friends who have contributed in one way or the other to help see that this project was a success. This proposal relates to the creation of an e-leave application system that allow workers to apply online anywhere they can reach internet and also coordinates the schedules of workers applying for leaves in an organisation. It will be an easy way to apply and keep accurate information about leave application in any organisation. . 1. 0Problem Statement My proposed project proposal is a web based application in which it will replace a paper leave application to e-leave application for Limkokwing university, among the problems were existing in the present university system are; ? Due process: this is the problems that exist when an applicant have to wait for a very long time for his/her approval of the application as a result of having to pass through so many approval procedures before coming out with the result of either the application have bee n approved or not ? Data duplication: this happens when an applicant mistakenly applied for more than one time at the same period. ?Physical redundancy: this problems result when forms filled have to be re-entered into data sheet before going for approval. ?Lack of security issue: this leads to the lost of filled application forms and other valuable document by misplacing, natural or artificial disaster or they can easily be stolen by somebody because all information about the application are stored manually. 1. 2. 0 Problem Solving So base on the above mentioned problems, below are some of the solutions I proposed: ? To develop web base leave application were an applicant can easily apply online anytime, anywhere on their own convenient. ?To establish a secure e-leave application for the university that can only be access by authorized applicant. ?To reduce physical redundancy and easy monitoring of information. ? As the proposed project will be a web base application it will help in minimizing bureaucracy. ?With the proposed system, data duplication will completely be eliminated. 1. 2. 1 What E-leave system, is usually the case where an employee will apply for leave online and receive an approval or disapproval online or cancelling of the application, at the same time, the information is collected and used by members or staffs of the company to construct an employee’s database, The purpose of the system is to determine which employee applied for leave, what type of leave did he/she applied for, how many time have he/she applied, was it approved, what is the balance from his/her total leave and for the administration of the company/school to keep its records. . 2. 2. Why This system was developed to improve faults difficulties risen on the analysis conducted and it was discovered that the services rendered with the existing paper work is slow, stressing, insufficient, unreliable and inefficiency, so the employees/ workers and the organisation will find it easier to apply and manage all the leave applications 1. 2. 3. Whom The system will be a relief from all those d rawback faults and for sure it will increase the services performance at any organization offering leave opportunities to their workers. So the e-leave system process is extremely important to all organisation company. 1. 2. 4. Where The target organisation is any university or companies which would like to apply a real time system into their organisation, since nowadays all organisations go digital and computerised so as to reduce some inefficiency and redundancy in the work, thereby giving solutions to the problems of the organisations and the workers appreciate the undisputed convenience and reliability. 1. 2. 5. When The system development started midst 2009 and the project timeline shows that the system will be ready for delivery by midst 2010. . 3. 0 Aims and Objectives 1. 3. 1 Access Control An electronic leave application system is protected, allowing the users to log in with a username and password assigned to them by the system administrator(s). This is to prevent unauthorized users or inexperienced staff from accidentally deleting important information stored in the system or changing the settings of the sy stem which can lead to system crash. On the other hand, the administrator has the privilege to create accounts for new users and set permission masks to limit their access to certain information. . 3. 2 User-friendly The system will be developed with a user-friendly interface such that anyone can easily lean how to use it to apply for their leave anytime anywhere conveniently. More so To develop an automated system for better management of Limkokwing University and any other organisation that will like to adopt e-leave for their workers. 1. 3. 3 Reduce Cost and Data input time The e-leave system will reduce the need for paper documents because most of the documents and data entry will be done electronically which can be constantly updated. It also save the time of processing documents manually which provides employees with an easy and intuitive approach to data entry and information retrieval that was previously difficult. 1. 3. 4 Reduces duplication of duties The chances of manual data getting lost are a lot higher compared to automated data. When the manual data gets lost, there is a need to redo it all over again, probably from scratch, which will certainly take up a lot of time whereas database resources can always be recovered by doing backups regularly. It substantially cuts down on costly errors. 1. 4. 0 Project Scope The electronic leave application system will have the following functionalities: 1. 4. 1 Security access level This system will have staff and administrator login, the administrator or the root user will have complete control of the system security and will have the authority to create new accounts for new staff or users and set permission masks (access level) to limit their access to certain information or limit their authority from carrying out certain functions. 1. 4. 2 Apply for Leave online Users can apply for leave online anywhere at any time so long there have internet around them 1. . 3 Reports Users can also view comprehensive reports generated by the system based on yearly, monthly and days about the previous application and the balance remaining in their accounts that include reports on the either applications are approved or not, showing date and time etc. 1. 4. 4 Data Input Allows users to easily add, edit update and delete report information and staffs’ informati on. 1. 4. 5 Database The systems will keep track of all the data input into the system and will store them in an open source relational database. Key fields will be indexed to speed information retrieval, and use masks to improve validation and data input integrity. 1. 5. 0 Constraints ?This system is developed to provide user friendly so it would be easier for user to learn and use it. However, for some users that do not have computer background might face little difficulty. ?Due to rapid changes in hardware or software, the budgeted cost may go over estimated cost. ?The major constraint face during the implementation of this work was to integrate with finance department database. This is among other frustrations such as program failures during modular construction stages. E. g. For the deduction of salary in case unpaid leave is applied. ?Due to time constraint, some additional feature such as integration with finance department for salary checking might not be included. ?Organizations that involved include users (applicant) and administrator. Organizations not involved include part time employees. (limitation) 1. 6. 0 Project Resources The following are the software and hardware equipments in the developing and running the system. 1. 6. 1 Hardware requiremen Dell Vostro TM desktops are built specially for the unique needs of small businesses and are ready to be customised with the futures and software the users want. The vostro TM 200 slim tower is a compact, powerful and reliable desktop solution with a space-saving design that is optimised to meet user’s business demands, from basic productivity to high performance (Dell inc. 2008). ProcessorIntel Pentium Dual-Core Processor E 2180Operating SystemGenuine Window Vista Home BasicMemory512MB (1x512MB) DDR-2 SDRAMHard Drive160GB SATA Hard DriveOptical Drive16xDVD Burner 1. . 2 Software requirements Dreamweaver/PHP PHP, Hypertext Pre-processor, is a widely used, general-purpose scripting language at was originally designed for web development, to produce dynamic web. It can be embedded into HTML and runs on a web server. This needs to be configured to process PHP code and create web page content from it. (MySQL)MySQL is a comprehensive, integrated relational database system that enab les organisations to manage information’s and complex business application (Microsoft 2008)1. 7. The deliverables During this project an electronic leave application system was developed for the university and any other company that will like to adopt the e-leave system in their organisation. The deliverables of the project is as follow: ? Software: An electronic leave application system that will allow users to apply for leave online anywhere they are at ease, add, delete and update information, they can also view users application status. Finally staff will receive an automatic e-mail report of either application is approved or not approved. Report: There will be a comprehensive report that covers various aspects of the SDLC phases, planning, analysis, design, coding and implementation surrounding the creation of the prototype. ?Documentation: A user manual is provided to help users easily lean how to use this system and this is in both hardcopy and softcopy formats. ?Diagr am: A context diagram, Level 0 diagram, Flowchart and Entity Relationship diagram (ERD) of the electronic leave system. ?Project plan: A gantt chart for constructing and testing the system as well as documentation of the whole project. 1. 8. 0 Conclusion Electronic leave system is an online web based application system. It allows staff and all permanent workers to apply for leave online, get information about their leave histories, view application status and update their details. This application will have a friendly and interactive user interface. Electronic leave application system offers a wide range of options to fully customize it to fit customer needs. It provides customer with up to date information. To improve the system performance some new features will be added into the system and the system will be built using integrated flash to make it more interactive and attractive. Electronic leave application system has some potential benefits, such as: it is low cost, easy access to the information, the system would store the data efficiently and effectively avoiding any redundancies or errors, and it is a user friendly system. ? CHAPTER 2 2. 0. 0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1. 0 INTRODUCTION I have completed this report by two methods; the first one is by finding the information about existing e-leave application Online on the internet and the second one is by a research from book or any organization such as ,the schools, organization that apply e-leave for their staff. In the course of my review to this project topic, I recapped, re-organized and re-shuffled all the important information such as the knowledge and ideas that have been established. By research on internet, I have initiated and learned more about electronic leave application. Much information I got from internet, includes the user interface, an existing e-leave application body or organization, their requirements, the software suitable for an online application, like PHP, ASP. NET, MySQL Server, the method to apply and so on, have given me a great insight thereby provoking the need to compares them. For researches from books and organizations, I collected the information by visiting any library in Malaysia and the schools of which Limkokwing University of Creative Technology is among. The purpose of this research is to compare the information that I gathered and see the areas that there is limitation for me to improve on them especially within my scope. This research requires time and money for getting the information. The web has changed in current decades from being just a simple static information provider to what it is today; a dynamic connecting entrance to the world of education, news, sports, business, etc. Web sites have changed from a collection of static pages containing text and maybe a few pictures, to more interactive and engaging websites. Web Developers now have tools available to them that enable them to implement animations, environment-sensitive content, embedded productivity tools and more in their websites. An Electronic Leave Application System (e-leave) provides many advantages to Universities, companies and organizations staff. This however, is not a new system; there are a number of universities and organizations currently providing this system to their staff, while some are still with the paper works. This new system (e-leave) being developed strives to compete with these existing systems in terms of usage, understanding, simplicity in user interaction and security. Electronic leave application demands a server side scripting language and a database to provide a good, interactive system to the user. Research has been done on different available scripting languages and databases; along with interface design, and below are the findings. 2. 2. 0 Findings 2. 2. 1 Server scripting languages In my findings I discovered that there are a large number of different server-side scripting languages to decide from. The predominant languages used today include: Hypertext Pre-Processor Protocol (PHP), Cold Fusion (CFM), and Microsoft web application framework (ASP. NET) etc. Comparing these languages we find out that they all have their individual strengths and weaknesses. The project requires one of these to be selected for its web application development. CMF is the first commercial server-side language developed. It uses Cold Fusion Mark-up Language tags to generate active web content. CMF is connectable to database that are ODBC-compliant, which includes databases such as Oracle and MySQL. It is reputed to be the easiest web language of all. This can be attributed to the fact that Cold Fusion has built-in tags, which perform the most common tasks that web developers normally take on. Its simplicity is also one of its drawbacks. This drawback is that CMF does not have the flexibility other full programming languages such as Java has, because it is tag-based. PHP is an open source server-side scripting language that creates dynamic web pages for web applications. PHP is exclusive in that it allows programmers to implant PHP commands right into a HTML page. PHP is easy to learn for anyone with basic programming skills. Its syntax is similar to that of C and Perl. PHP provides excellent Connectivity to a wide range of databases, including Oracle, myself, Sybase and other ODBC-compliant databases. This scripting language has some disadvantages. One disadvantage PHP has is that its troubles to be parsed by the server each time it loads. A simple solution to this is not incorporating PHP in the files that dont need to be processed; in that case other non server-side scripting languages such as Ajax can be used. 2. 2. Comparing php with other languages Every server-side scripting language has its own strengths and weaknesses. When comparing CFM and PHP side by side some differences are notices. While CFM is platform dependant, PHP is platform independent; but you can run it anywhere you want. CFMS cross Platform support is relatively limited, because its scripting language is primitive and does not support standard operator syntax or user-de fined functions. Another difference is that CFMS Scripting language is primitive but quite easy to learn, while PHP has an advance and flexible language. CMF has adequate file handling support, has good try/catch functionality, making formal error handling possible. PHP on the other hand has complete file handling system support, has some try/catch functionality. One exceptional difference between the two is that PHP, because it is open source, is free to be used by anyone, while Cold Fusion you have to pay some charges to use. PHP and ASP. NET are the most competitive server-side scripting languages to date. When comparing ASP. NET with PHP we see that they differ primarily in speed, cost, programming style, cross platform support and database support. PHP will always be the faster among them. This is because ASP. NET is built on Computer Object Model (COM) based architectures, which slows down things for ASP. NET. Cost is not an issue with PHP because it is free and open source, while there is cost involved with ASP. NET. A wide range of programming styles are available to ASP. NET users, which include Visual Basic, C#, Pearl and Python; with modular and procedural coding available to them. This is an advantage to users who might be better familiar with one language over another. PHP however only supports an html like’ language that has good support for both modular and procedural coding. PHP is not limited in any way to any platform; it can run on Windows, Linux and other operating systems. It is superior when compared to that of ASP NET, which requires a Windows operating environment to operate. Based on these findings I have chosen to program my electronic leave application using PHP. 2. 2. 3 Database The choice of database server used in the website is also important. There are many factors to consider when choosing the right database. One factor to consider is the compatibility of the database server with the scripting language used. Not all languages can communicate with all databases. Other factors to be considered are; the speed at which the database should respond and the robustness of that database, the amount of access to a database can severely slow or even stop the functioning of the database. The expected amount of access per-second must be taken into consideration. There are many databases servers today, such as PostgreSQL, Oracle, MySQL and Microsoft Access. 2. 2. 4 Comparison Msql with other Database In comparing MySQL with Postgre it can be seen that MySQL is favorable for a few reasons. One of these reasons is that it is faster. While PostgerSQL is slower, MyQSL is more suitable for web application use. MySQL also has fewer disconnections and core dumps than Postgre. Another advantage that MySQL has over Postgre is that MySQL has many functions available to alter a table, whereas Postgre only has a few altering table functions. However, it is not all pros for MySQL; it lacks in comparison to Postgre in terms of security and data integrity. An advantage MySQL has over many other databases when it comes to deciding a database for this project, is it collaboration with PHP. PHP has special features designed for databases in MySQL, and both PHP and MySQL are free. For this reasons I made the choice to use them in my project (e-leave application system). 2. 2. 5 Security The World Wide Web is not a secure environment and even more so in recent times, since the electronic leave system is online, is therefore not secured for organization to allow their staff and company information through the e-leave application on the net. However it has become a necessity for businesses to utilize this communication gateway if they will completely succeed in the global market. Businesses can protect their websites against web application vulnerabilities with simple and affordable services such as firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems. Unfortunately this is not enough to protect websites from today’s online application vulnerabilities. The alarming amount of businesses that experience data breaches continues to increase daily. Even the large US military companies are not exempted. This is due to the activities of cyber criminals, which put sensitive business and personal information into the wrong hands. These actions done by hackers and other cyber criminals lead to problems such as identity theft, credit card fraud, etc. Billions of dollars have already been lost as a result. The five top web application vulnerability as reported by Web Application Security Consortium are as follows; Cross- Site Scripting, SSI Injection, SQL Injection, HTTP Response Splitting and Information Leaking, in that order. It is believed that above 90% of all web applications are vulnerable to web attacks. In earlier years web hacking was new, and was done for exploration and experimentation. Currently the malicious targeting of web applications has become a business for cyber criminals. They exploit the weaknesses of the web for personal and monitory gain. This can be seen in the change from indifferent viruses and worms that only purpose would seem, is to cause damage; to the more sophisticated attacks that target specific groups or organizations. Even big web sites such as the Department of Homeland Security and the United nations were subject to web attacks; specifically SQL-injection attacks. No website is too big or too small to be targeted, because exploitation for illegal gain can be done through just about any website. When a website is under attack, or threats are found that reveals vulnerabilities, it has three options open to it. The first option is to take down the website. Secondly they have the option of reverting to an older version of the website that is not open to that problem, if this is applicable. The next option is to stay up while still being vulnerable to attacks. Lastly they can implement a virtual protection with a web application firewall. While these procedures are taking place, the problem must be fixed in the shortest amount of time. SQL-injection is one of the few web application vulnerabilities that can be prevented at the website development level. Some of the other web application vulnerabilities need to be dealt with at the server level. Websites that interact with users often use interactions from users to perform interactions with databases. It is often assumed that theses inputs are legitimate and are used to perform SQL queries with databases. These websites are vulnerable to QUL-injection. This security threat exploits week validation, or the lack of validation of text inputted used to build databases queries. Applications typically used DB-API routines to communicate with databases. An example of this is the function â€Å"mysql(str,db)†, which is used in PHP to communicate with MySQL databases. The string containing the query is held in ‘str’ while ‘db’ is a database handler. It is easy to identify these DB-API routines in PHP code. SQL-injection attacks occur when access statements are used without authorization. This is done by adding SQL code into an input statement. Authorization of database operator, such as UP-DATE, SELECT, etc, which allows users to add, view and edit data in a database, this should be granted based on login and authorization level run-time. These levels of security should be defined during the specification phase of a project before the application is built. With PHP the web application can be automatically protected from SQL-injection. It is done by combining static analysis to test input of strings into PHP, dynamic analysis to build legitimate SQL queries that have the correct syntax and code re-engineering to project existing programs from SQL-injection. 2. 2. 6 Interface (GUI) To work with a system, users have to be able to know and control the system, they have to be able to assess the state of the system and be able to accomplish their goals. For example, to drive an automobile, the driver uses the steering wheel to control the direction of the vehicle, and the accelerator pedal, brake pedal and gearstick to control the speed of the vehicle. The driver perceives the position of the vehicle by looking through the windscreen and exact speed of the vehicle by reading the speedometer. The user interface of the automobile is on the whole collection of the instruments the driver can use to accomplish the tasks of driving and maintaining the automobile, likewise the interfaces of an electronic leave application. When a person enters a website they only have the interface to direct them as to what to do. The interface has to be clear so that the user can understand where to get the content they desire. Interfaces should also be attractive so that users stay focused on the website and are provoked to use it. When designing a website that its purpose is for communication, you must consider what the audience’s goals and expectations are. The questions can be asked; â€Å"What are you saying† â€Å"To whom are you saying it to? † and â€Å"Why are you saying it? this is to get the goals of the users. If these questions are answered earlier in the development, it will help to keep a web project on track and help establish the tone of the website. In designing a website it must also be noted that a website can only be used if it is understood. It has to be interactive and very effective in communicating. The better a website communicates with its user the easier it is for that user to understand the message intention from the website. Users generally appreciate a website more when it’s easier to understand. The e-leave application shears the same type of web user interface, therefore it need a user friendly interface. The design of a Web User Interface is a serious issue and the methodology behind it is often problematic. Web User Interface however defines how usable a website is. Problems can arise if the target audience does not participate earlier in the web design. This can result in no specific definition of user requirements, causing problems that results in not giving the users what the user would like to see on the site, but what the owner or designer would like to see. 2. 2. 7 E-Commerce Simply put, e-commerce is the online transaction of business, featuring linked computer systems of the vendor, host, and buyer. Electronic transactions involve the transfer of ownership or rights to use a good or service. Most people are familiar with business-to- consumer electronic business (B2C). Common illustrations include Amazon. com, llbean. com, CompUSA. com, travelocity. com, and hotels. com. E-commerce can be divided into: ?E-tailing or virtual storefronts on Web sites with online catalogs, sometimes gathered into a virtual mall ? The gathering and use of demographic data through Web contacts ? Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), the business-to-business exchange of data e-mail and fax and their use as media for reaching prospects and established customers for example, with newsletters. ?Business-to-business buying and selling (B2B) E-commerce is the vital concept of creating this website, information technology has helped simplifying the ways of getting information and proposals from one human being to another as well as helping them do business together. The electronic commerce represents the process of selling, buying or changing products, services and information by means of computer networks. Consumers need to know the facts about the agreement concluded through electronic means in order to fully understand the rules and regulations. Firstly, the concurrent presence of all the contracting parties is not required due to the fact that users are binding in a distance contract and the offer and acceptance is launched electronically. The effects recognized by the law for contracts and consumers must carefully fill an electronic form with the person’s name, address, and contact details, e-mail and the confirmed password. This password can help the user to track the orders that person made, therefore reducing the time needed to fill all the personal data every time an order is made. Secondly, the services supplier is bound to confirm the receiving of the offer, or its acceptance, except the agreements concluded exclusively by e-mail or other equivalent means of individual communication. This is done by sending an â€Å"acknowledgement receipt† by e-mail or any other equivalent means of individual communication to the address specified by the consumer. Also by confirming the reception of the offer or of the offer’s acceptance, through a way which is equivalent to the way the offer acceptance was sent. Thirdly, the offer and the offer’s acceptance are considered received when the parties to whom they are sent can access them. The contract is then concluded when the acceptance of the offer is known by the professional. The services supplier must inform the consumer in the pre-agreement phase provider’s name, postal address, conta

Free Essays on The Summer Before The Dark

â€Å"The Summer Before The Dark† By: Doris Lessing Kate Brown is the typical mother of four children, and the ideal wife. She describes her life as â€Å"an ordinary life which I have been living with regrets of not having done everything I would have dreamed to do†. By the way she describes it, I think her life, as a middle class person, has fallen into the routine of serving her husband and children, mostly forgetting about her need and wants. Also, I think that this is one of the most common problems that happens to any women about Kate’s age, 45 years old. That is why there is not equality among sexes in our society, because woman are visualize as the ones that should serve to their families and others. Kate’s feelings towards this situation made her feel abandoned, forgotten, and worthless. Kate lives in London with her family, but she grew up in Portugal with her grandfather. She is really good at languages, she knows English, Italian, and is perfect in Portuguese. Thanks for her knowledge of language the summer, which she was going to spend alone in Boston, she got hired for a job as an interpreter at Global Foods Organizations. I think that by getting this job she felt really proud about herself, and also she must felt really important because she proved to herself that she was not useless. Besides, by getting this job she was going to feel part of a group which depended and valued her by her skills and knowledge, something that her family no longer appreciated about her. Her marriage with Dr. Michael Browns was very difficult for me to understand. Her feelings were mixed and sometimes she loves being with him, but other times she talks about hating him. Well, every woman would feel like that if their husbands had cheated on them. That is what he did, and in every and every time she has a chance to do it,... Free Essays on The Summer Before The Dark Free Essays on The Summer Before The Dark â€Å"The Summer Before The Dark† By: Doris Lessing Kate Brown is the typical mother of four children, and the ideal wife. She describes her life as â€Å"an ordinary life which I have been living with regrets of not having done everything I would have dreamed to do†. By the way she describes it, I think her life, as a middle class person, has fallen into the routine of serving her husband and children, mostly forgetting about her need and wants. Also, I think that this is one of the most common problems that happens to any women about Kate’s age, 45 years old. That is why there is not equality among sexes in our society, because woman are visualize as the ones that should serve to their families and others. Kate’s feelings towards this situation made her feel abandoned, forgotten, and worthless. Kate lives in London with her family, but she grew up in Portugal with her grandfather. She is really good at languages, she knows English, Italian, and is perfect in Portuguese. Thanks for her knowledge of language the summer, which she was going to spend alone in Boston, she got hired for a job as an interpreter at Global Foods Organizations. I think that by getting this job she felt really proud about herself, and also she must felt really important because she proved to herself that she was not useless. Besides, by getting this job she was going to feel part of a group which depended and valued her by her skills and knowledge, something that her family no longer appreciated about her. Her marriage with Dr. Michael Browns was very difficult for me to understand. Her feelings were mixed and sometimes she loves being with him, but other times she talks about hating him. Well, every woman would feel like that if their husbands had cheated on them. That is what he did, and in every and every time she has a chance to do it,...

Leadership Principles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership Principles - Assignment Example I would take responsibility for my every grade and not seek people to blame about it. I would set good example to every other individual in the education center. As a student I would enhance good communication skills between myself, the tutors and my fellow students. In case of any conflicts in the course of my education process, I would employ the principle of good problem solving skills to ensure that the situation is well handled. c. Am encouraging team work by discussions. I organize discussions and attend as many as possible just to share ideas and help one another. Am leading by an example because at school I have organized a group of volunteers that keeps the compound clean and educate other students on the leadership techniques and skills. d. While doing any research proposal, I make sound and timely decisions, use good problem solving skills which are major principles of leadership. I also ensure that am in the fore front and thus leading by example. e. I will research on more principles of leadership and follow them so that I may be fully equipped and enhance my leadership skills. I will also research on the progress of successful leaders and follow their